Identification of volatile organic compounds in muscle tissues of different species based on Headspace-Gas-Chromatography Ion-Mobility spectrometry.

Species identification of unknown biological samples is crucial for forensic applications, especially in cases of explosion, disaster accidents, and body mutilation after murdering, as well as poaching, illegal trade in endangered animals, and meat food fraud. In this study, we identified 60 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in fresh skeletal muscle tissues of seven different animal species (cattle, sheep, pigs, rabbits, rats, chickens and carp) and a human dead body by headspace-gas-chromatography ion-mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS), and compared their differences by retention time, drift time and molecular weight. The results showed that these VOCs formed different gallery plot fingerprints in the skeletal muscle tissues of the human dead body and seven animal species. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed significantly different fingerprints between these species, and these fingerprints maintained good stability between the species and within the same species. Some VOCs have high species specificity, while VOCs of human fresh muscle tissues from different individual sources have little difference, demonstrating that all tested muscle tissue samples could be distinguished based on different VOCs. HS-GC-IMS has proved to be a rapid, high-throughput, highly sensitive and specific species identification method, which can be used for forensic species identification in criminal cases and disaster accidents, as well as detection in the field of food safety, such as meat fraud and adulteration.

Self-Assembly of Molecular Trefoil Knots Featuring Pentadecanuclear Homoleptic AuI -, AuI /AgI -, or AuI /CuI -Alkynyl Coordination.

Metal-free and metal-containing molecular trefoil knots are fascinating ensembles that are usually covalently assembled, the latter requiring the rational design of di- or multidentate/multipodal ligands as connectors. In this work, we describe the self-assembly of pentadecanuclear AuI trefoil knots [Au15 (C≡CR)15 ] from monoalkynes HC≡CR (R=9,9-X2 -fluorenyl with X=nBu, n-hexyl) and [AuI (THT)Cl]. Hetero-bimetallic counterparts [Au9 M6 (C≡CR)15 ] (M=Cu/Ag) were self-assembled by reactions of [Au15 (C≡CR)15 ] with [Cu(MeCN)4 ]+ /AgNO3 and HC≡CR. The type of pentadecanuclear trefoil knots described herein is characterized by X-ray crystallography, 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS. [Au9 Cu6 (C≡CR)15 ] is relatively stable in hexane; its excited state properties were investigated. DFT calculations revealed that non-covalent metal-metal and metal-ligand interactions, together with longer alkyl chain-strengthened inter-ligand dispersion interactions, govern the stability of the trefoil knot structures.

Solvent-Induced Cluster-to-Cluster Transformation of Homoleptic Gold(I) Thiolates between Catenane and Ring-in-Ring Structures.

Supramolecular ensembles adopting ring-in-ring structures are less developed compared with catenanes featuring interlocked rings. While catenanes with inter-ring closed-shell metallophilic interactions, such as d10 -d10 AuI -AuI interactions, have been well-documented, the ring-in-ring complexes featuring such metallophilic interactions remain underdeveloped. Herein is described an unprecedented ring-in-ring structure of a AuI -thiolate Au12 cluster formed by recrystallization of a AuI -thiolate Au10 [2]catenane from alkane solvents such as hexane, with use of a bulky dibutylfluorene-2-thiolate ligand. The ring-in-ring AuI -thiolate Au12 cluster features inter-ring AuI -AuI interactions and underwent cluster core change to form the thermodynamically more stable Au10 [2]catenane structure upon dissolving in, or recrystallization from, other solvents such as CH2 Cl2 , CHCl3 , and CH2 Cl2 /MeCN. The cluster-to-cluster transformation process was monitored by 1 H NMR and ESI-MS measurements. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to provide insight into the mechanism of the "ring-in-ring⇌ [2]catenane" interconversions.

Assembly of strongly phosphorescent hetero-bimetallic and -trimetallic [2]catenane structures based on a coinage metal alkynyl system.

Homo-metallic metal alkynyl complexes exhibit interesting catenane structures, but their hetero-metallic catenane counterparts are under-developed. In this work, we report rare examples of bimetallic Au-Cu (DtbpC[triple bond, length as m-dash]C- ligand; Dtbp = 3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl), Au-Ag ( t BuC[triple bond, length as m-dash]C- ligand), and Au-Cu, Au-Ag (C6-FluoC[triple bond, length as m-dash]C- ligand; C6-Fluo = 9,9-dihexyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl) complexes as well as a trimetallic Au-Ag-Cu (C6-FluoC[triple bond, length as m-dash]C- ligand) complex, which feature [2]catenane structures. The formation of the [2]catenane structure is significantly affected by the coinage metal ion(s) and change of the structure of the alkynyl ligand. These hetero-metallic [2]catenane structures are strongly luminescent with tunable emission λ max from 503 to 595 nm and Φ values up to 0.83.

Regulation of charge delocalization in a heteronuclear Fe2 ru system by a stepwise photochromic process.

Heteronuclear complexes FeCp2 -DTE-C≡C-Ru(dppe)2 Cl (1 o; dppe=1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, Cp=cyclopentadienyl, DTE=dithienylethene) and FeCp2-DTE-C≡C-Ru(dppe)2-C≡C-DTE-FeCp2 (2 oo), with redox-active ferrocenyl and ruthenium centers separated by a photochromic DTE moiety, were prepared to achieve photoswitchable charge delocalization and Fe⋅⋅⋅Ru electronic communication. Upon UV-light irradiation of 2 oo, the Fe⋅⋅⋅Ru heterometallic electronic interaction is increasingly facilitated with stepwise photocyclization, 2 oo→2 co→2 cc; this is ascribed to the gradual increase in π-conjugated systems. The near-infrared absorptions in mixed-valence species [2 oo](+) /[2 co](+) /[2 cc](+) are gradually intensified following the conversion of [2 oo](+) →[2 co](+) →[2 cc](+) , which demonstrates that the extent of charge delocalization shows progressive enhancement with stepwise photocyclization. As revealed by electrochemical, spectroscopic, and theoretical studies, complex 2 exhibits nine switchable states through stepwise photochromic and reversible redox processes.

[Combination of canales sacralis drop with acupotomy dissolution in treatment of discogenic lumbocrural pain].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the combination of drop in canales sacralis with acupotomy dissolution in the treatment of lumbocrural pain caused by slipped discs. METHODS: One hundred and thirty-nine patients with lumbocrural pain caused by slipped discs were randomly divided into 3 groups: cases in Group A were treated by the drop in canales sacralis, in Group B by acupotomy dissolution and in Group C by the combination of canales sacralis drop with acupotomy dissolution. MacNab score and VAS score were assayed before treatment and 1 week, 3 and 6 months after treatment. RESULT: The effective rates in Groups A, B and C at 1 week, 3 and 6 months after treatment were 71.4%, 75.5%, 79.6%; 75.0%, 79.6%, 81.8% and 89.1%, 91.3%, 93.5%, respectively (P < 0.01). The pain intensity in Group C was reduced more markedly at different time points after treatment than that in Group A and Group B (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The combination of canales sacralis drop with acupotomy dissolution is superior to each method used alone in treatment of lumbocrural pain caused by slipped discs in the short-and long-term.

[Relation of conversion between acreage and length of wound or scar].

We discovered that the surface area and the length of body wounds or scar can not be calculated each other in the existing standards. It may be unfair to some assessments of body surface impairment. It is necessary to raise a means to solve this problem and provide the reference for the colleague.